In december 2012, egypt approved a new constitution by referendum. The manuscript was written on the basis of the state of affairs in june 2012, but. The completion of this constitution crowns our peoples struggle on the road of the principle of popular democracy, is a clear guide for the peoples march toward the future and a regulator of the movement of the state and its various institutions, and is a source of its legislation. The people of egypt will vote on 14 and 15 january in a referendum on the countrys proposed new constitution. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. Bylaws in conformity with this constitution shall be adopted, subject to the approval of the national president. Any text in any regional constitutions or any other legal text that contradicts this constitution shall be considered void. Foundingera translations of the constitution august 25, 2014. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah. The drafting of the new egyptian constitution has been making headlines since the ouster of muslim brotherhood rule.
Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. Applications for charters shall be made through the county andor state secretaries to the national secretary on approved forms furnished by the national secretary. Published by the ministry of the interior and kingdom relations. The constitution guarantees many civil rights and also provides for due process of law to ensure fundamental fairness under the law. The syrian arab republic constitution of 2012, unofficial. Second, within the reality of a divided arab nation, collective defense will be needed to counter the dangers of imperialism and zionism. A new constitution was adopted on march 1973 and was in use until 27 february 2012. The constitution is based on the following major principles. The constitution of the kingdom of the netherlands 2008. Their constitution of 1847 has several similarities with our constitution, but deviates from it on key points.
The constitution of this state might then be said to contain only one rule, which grants unlimited power to rex. Whereasrecognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is indispensable for freedom, justice and peace whereasthe said rights include the right of the individual to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, regardless of race, colour, ethnic origin, sex, religion, creed or. Louis michael seidman carmack waterhouse professor of constitutional law, georgetown university law center. Elazar, exploring federalism 17677 1987 explaining the. English translation of the syrian constitution modifications 15022012 5 cc by qordoba translation about this document on february 15, 2012, amid rising unrest in the country, syrian president bashar alassad announced that the country would hold a referendum on a new constitution. Introduction on december 1, 2012, egyptian president muhammad mursi announced that egypts new constitution would be put to referendum on december 15. Constitutional affairs and legislation division in collaboration with the. Carter, who loved japan and suddenly passed away on 25 april 2009 i. Article 19 all people of iran, whatever the ethnic group or tribe to which they belong, enjoy equal rights. Constitution 1973 this document is an english version of the syrian constitution adopted on march 1973 syria constitution 1973. So if the federal government doesnt have the power to do something, then the states automatically have. Egypts new constitution includes problematic provisions pertaining to the religionstate relationship, religious freedom and related liberties guaranteed under international law. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource. In a republic, the people choose representatives to run the government.
To create an enabling environment for enhancing poverty eradication through education and agricultural activities aimed at improving the living standards of the. The purpose is set forth in the preamble to this constitution. Other authorities under article 12 of constitution academike. Next week egyptians will vote in a referendum on a new constitution. Next, japans constitution of 1947, which general douglas macarthur had a heavy hand in, has many clauses that mirror those in our constitution, though it. When we discuss article 9 of the japanese constitution, we have to take into account the history and purpose of postwar. Syria to vote on new constitution as violence continues. Constitution of the syrian arab republic 2012 preamble arab civilization, which is part of human heritage, has faced through its long history great challenges aimed at breaking its will and subjecting it to colonial domination, but it has always rose through its own creative abilities to. Egypt is set to start rewriting its constitution in march, a year after the fall of president hosni mubarak in february 2011. Few people doubt that the constitution will be approved, but there is more at stake in the vote than merely adopting a new legal framework for the country. This constitution shall be the supreme law of the order. Kirkpatrick, a vague role for religion in egyptian draft. The constitution of the kingdom of the netherlands 2008 pdf.
Article nine in context limitations of national sovereignty and the abolition of war in constitutional law klaus schlichtmann1 for my friend, william r. In this way, the constitution would guarantee a republican form of government for both the states and the nation. Several articles in the 2012 constitution are currently the subject of. Tracking egypts islamic identity in the constitution al.
During a visit to egypt, justice ruth bader ginsburg said she would. Moreover, the drafters of the 2012 constitutionand the abovementioned july 8, 20 constitutional declarationsought to increase the religiosity of the draft compared to previous egyptian constitutions. Arab civilization, which is part of human heritage, has faced through its long history great challenges. I owe a special debt of gratitude to michael klarman, who gave me many, many single spaced pages of. Further, in line with panarab ideology, it describes the country as a region. Preamble and chapter 1 of the syrian constitution wikipedia.
The new constitution states that scientific research is supported by the state and the freedom of scientific research, artistic creation, literature and cultural. President morsis opponents, a group comprised of leftists, liberals, secularists and christians took to the streets to prevent the enforcement of the constitution, dangerously mixing politics with religion. This webpage provides access to constitutions of osce participating states. This constitution is the preeminent and supreme law in iraq and shall be binding in all parts of iraq without exception. The constitution provides in item c of the second schedule as follows. The rule of the muslim brotherhood the struggle for the. The constitution of the united states of america, 1787. Constitutionalism stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. The constitution helped found the american republic, because it said that voters could participate in both state and national elections. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution hanover college.
The current constitution of the syrian arab republic was adopted on 26 february 2012, replacing one that had been in force since march 1973. United states history and government tuesday, january 23, 2001 1. The congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the united states. Among other things, it determines syrias character to be arab, democratic, and republican. Choices made within the war led to the total destruction of syria, the later fall of israel, and to the subsequent captivity and deportation for most of judah. A resolution condemning violence by the government of syria against journalists, and expressing the.
However, since the marbury case in 1803, it has been seen as the right of the supreme court to make this call. May 29, 20 jozsef szajer, national consultation committee on the constitution, remarks at the heritage foundation. The current constitution delineates the basic function of that states government. First, it defines the arab nations aspirations in unity, freedom and socialism and stipulates that the means to achieve these aspirations lie in the wider arab revolution. An examination of egypts draft constitution part ii. In february 2012, a committee of experts that was appointed specifically for the purpose of drawing up a new constitution for the country submitted its final draft to the president.
It pledges to work in harmony with the doctrines and laws of the roman catholic church, and to foster and sustain loyalty to country among its members. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution original electronic texts at the international constitutional law web site. Must a constitution establish a stable framework for the exercise of public. Name of the group great minds self help group is hereby established as a nonpolitical, nonsectarian, voluntary selfhelp group of members for the furtherance of the objectives hereinafter appearing. Kirkpatrick, a vague role for religion in egyptian draft constitution, n. Text of draft syrian constitution proposed by russia.
This constitution is not for one faction against the other. The first 10 amendments to the constitution are known as. Mulligan, christina and douma, michael and lind, hans and quinn, brian patrick, appendix to. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the. Russias sergey lavrov and the us john kerry agreed to push for a political transition in syria by having a new draft constitution ready by august.
The kremlinhosted talks revealed a softer, more cooperative tone on syria, as well as ukraine. It entrenched the power of the arab socialist baath party, its 8 describing the party as the leading party in the society and the state, even if syria was not, as is often believed, a oneparty system in formal terms. Fold the last page along the perforations and, slowly and carefully, tear off the answer sheet. The constitution of the united states of america, 1787, article 1, section 8. Constitution does contain are provisions that happen to be rare at a global level.
The constitution of islamic republic of iran iran chamber. Constitution of the syrian arab republic 2012 preamble arab civilization, which is part of human heritage, has faced through its long history great challenges aimed at breaking its will and subjecting it to colonial domination, but it has always rose through its own creative abilities to exercise its role in building human. According to the text, the voters of texas had approved constitutional amendments by the end of 2011 while the u. Subsequent amendments also have abolished slavery and guaranteed the right to vote to all citizens regardless of gender or race. Constitution of the republic of italy 1947, amended 2012 english version. The power of impeachment shall be vested in the house of representatives. The new constitution would set a limit of two sevenyear terms for future presidents and also removed article 8 of the constitution of syria, which states that the arab socialist baath party leads the state and society. Dec 04, 2012 introduction on december 1, 2012, egyptian president muhammad mursi announced that egypts new constitution would be put to referendum on december 15. The syrian arab republic constitution of 2012, unofficial english translation. Impeachment of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, treasurer, commissioner of the general land office, comptroller, and the judges of the supreme court, court of appeals and district court shall be tried by the senate. A juridical entity, though an authority may also ratify the list of being an instrumentality or agency of the state in which event such authority may be held to be an instrumentality or agency of state, but not vice. Syrian arab republics constitution of 2012 constitute. Whereasrecognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is indispensable for freedom, justice and peace.
The national assembly shall have power to make laws for the federation or any part thereof with respect to a b c the regulation of the right of any person or authority to dam up or otherwise interfere with the flow of water from sources in any part of the. The preamble contains the five main principles of the constitution. To improve the performance of our website, show the most relevant news products and targeted advertising, we collect technical impersonal information about you, including through the tools of our partners. A resolution condemning violence by the government of syria against journalists, and expressing the sense of the senate on freedom of the press in syria. Sputnik has obtained a document of the draft syrian constitution proposed by the russian delegation during the astana talks. The federal government has all of its powers outlined in the constitution, but the 10th amendment leaves all power not specifically enumerated to the federal government by the constitution shall be granted to the states, or to the people. The constitution gave syria an administrative council of elected and appointed officials, as well as municipal councils whose members were chosen by religious leaders.
In this way, the constitution would guarantee a republican form. Text of draft syrian constitution proposed by russia revealed. Rolfson the syroephraimite war was a conflict that would be the catalyst for the prophesied scattering of israel. No law that contradicts this constitution shall be enacted. Jan 12, 2015 an authority must be authority sui juris within the meaning of the expression other authorities under article 12. What constitutional issue was involved in the events of.